Ley de género en el mundo

Hasta el 2019, 14 países de América Latina permitían el cambio de identidad de género y en 2022 se legalizó el cambio de nombre. ¿Qué pasa en el resto del mundo?

[{"selector":"#anim-36365d5d-573c-45e1-a444-ac5b3d155dfe","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fc1719f0-1f5f-4bbe-a65f-8cee84c1bf9e","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b252b535-4b5c-45d0-b628-55e0e8416d42","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":400,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d3a8a765-d4ce-4e1e-a2ad-7a00a4a02cf7","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-41fb0e9f-8658-47f7-8755-9360a0d1aebf","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -115.85103%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0ec779d2-f34b-4184-9933-3d37c179c183 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}]

En algunos países cambiar de sexo implica un simple trámite administrativo, pero otros exigen: evidencias de cirugías, esterilización, tratamientos hormonales, psicológicos o requisitos económicos.

[{"selector":"#anim-57b64427-cc10-408f-a3f3-278695e54d79 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-07899a0f-1c0f-48d4-90f2-ace7afb31b1f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-adb23988-3443-44a7-84d8-ae51eb8623c7","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(69.01173%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4542c003-0268-4c69-9d42-59da80dfa808","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ae50e8a5-8ca6-41cf-b4e9-6400f3ab5b62","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-74.12178%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-920b8121-a731-4a3f-8d90-a7e78d693ce1","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":400,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Argentina: 2012. Marcó un antes y después desde una perspectiva despatologizadora sin exigir requisitos médicos

[{"selector":"#anim-f84f0b87-1d0e-4de3-baac-89eb8778a3cb [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-dc53d073-40d5-48cc-8b54-221e332de944","keyframes":[{"transform":"rotate(-540deg) scale(0.1)","opacity":0},{"transform":"none","opacity":1}],"delay":600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both","iterations":1}] [{"selector":"#anim-8999a6b1-7a21-43e4-a357-009b0bea3df1","keyframes":[{"transform":"rotate(-540deg) scale(0.1)","opacity":0},{"transform":"none","opacity":1}],"delay":1600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both","iterations":1}] [{"selector":"#anim-487df6f9-e69c-443a-bb0d-887b9e4f4bb5","keyframes":[{"transform":"rotate(-540deg) scale(0.1)","opacity":0},{"transform":"none","opacity":1}],"delay":2600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both","iterations":1}] [{"selector":"#anim-ac63bbef-eea7-4ebc-a0ff-bc3fe8339a42","keyframes":[{"transform":"rotate(-540deg) scale(0.1)","opacity":0},{"transform":"none","opacity":1}],"delay":3600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both","iterations":1}] [{"selector":"#anim-ea01bdd6-cad8-4962-b185-42054afe880c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-58bfabd6-2ba2-45b8-baf3-d985d8637719","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 637.84708%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4d23ea3b-c841-45b7-9428-cca537ee4b91","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a41ac584-bb41-47fe-92f8-25787bfb82cd","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 957.77788%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":2000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c1f9438e-27dc-4634-96dd-601f3ddf14bf","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f836794b-7493-4ba6-9e99-c7905a61386f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 834.92071%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":3000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-de9466be-5eb6-4780-88e0-6a39630f12a0","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f33fd9a0-373f-49a8-86b7-1fc88921b304","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 115.91732%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":4000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-53426f4b-e501-4362-aaa4-ac7b61aeac07","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e2a6b141-f0e1-4a89-97c2-a107c8ed5719","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -92.71647%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3321df94-8591-42a7-a3c3-2b0b6bc4c14a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

En Uruguay, la Ley Integral para Personas Trans consiste en un trámite administrativo. Además, en los documentos no aparece explícitamente el sexo. Algo similar ocurre en Costa Rica.

[{"selector":"#anim-3940c5fa-96f6-40e5-aaa4-291e9e0b00b3 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cf1367dc-91a4-4c50-a8b7-cac2eb4505de","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-595207e5-badc-4f13-8397-bb93bce2c584","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 99.80159%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cc937a41-b588-41f8-a2fa-a8b9be2a8c7a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-85a72640-60f1-4ede-a848-f50faf2fac78","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f0305d87-f976-4a6c-a9ef-6d0ff232d8c1","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Brasil no tiene una ley específica, pero la cirugía de reasignación sexual es gratuita. En México, las leyes cambian según la región del país, al igual que en Estados Unidos.

[{"selector":"#anim-9aa8a701-f0f9-47bf-9061-7444430082a0 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ff8c57c9-cf4b-4070-aaf6-94c3e5b38acc","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2256a1e3-21f0-47a2-af06-a906db58003c","keyframes":{"transform":["rotate(-180deg) translate3d(76.01010%, 0px, 0) rotate(180deg)","rotate(-180deg) translate3d(0px, 0px, 0) rotate(180deg)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d4ffc498-5f96-4975-a2a1-14806eb86d76","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9738f249-a3b2-4aee-9c69-0d37932b9107","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6330744b-f5b2-4c61-aa07-a4eb3226419b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 100.40430%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

En Europa, el primero en reconocer el cambio de género sin exigir diagnósticos psiquiátricos ni médicos fue Países Bajos en 2013. Entre los últimos figura Portugal, en 2018.

[{"selector":"#anim-9f0d6b6e-f925-41fd-896c-00d7c67cb3a7 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-94a7c506-0dfd-45db-81a2-f4de994d0dba","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ef5fec31-d13f-4024-8d92-49bf523fc1e6","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-75.40074%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-193fa42a-3e11-4962-8ffe-c789709d6d89","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a11fe483-4051-4928-9e4e-81597180cef6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-09cf4b9f-b61d-4519-99ad-edc706b51367","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -100.27652%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Otros países que cuentan con leyes no médicas ni patologizantes son:

Si bien en Europa al menos unos 35 países garantizan la existencia de una ley de cambio de identidad, las legislaciones son poco precisas en Croacia, Eslovaquia, Islandia o Italia.

[{"selector":"#anim-f75c56e2-87ec-493a-9baf-7578970cfc2a [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e84561b1-5c94-40af-b2d7-7f462f90f3eb","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ea88fb43-3fe5-4007-8365-e121e562d25d","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -87.28853%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6b49f6f3-33d7-4c6e-ba86-631196255b52","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-594e44fe-9eab-4319-a6d4-250f25cc39d1","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 80.26948%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-19a79347-b914-47a7-8268-6cb8bed3ff67","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":800,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

[{"selector":"#anim-2e1eee6c-9a8c-4ad1-9c28-492be1a9980b","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":11000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e330ee25-ab0d-4d79-8733-b20a0c2e5f6a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-85c40591-328e-4876-ad26-bf9f9268313c","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(130.78432%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-01ec4d22-6e0a-47cf-b678-73189ff26af4","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-730a67a9-58c7-48e3-b9d1-0c0c6884c44c","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-133.4008%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Hasta el 2019, 14 países de América Latina permitían el cambio de identidad de género y en 2022 se legalizó el cambio de nombre. ¿Qué pasa en el resto del mundo?

Hasta el 2019, 14 países de América Latina permitían el cambio de identidad de género y en 2022 se legalizó el cambio de nombre. ¿Qué pasa en el resto del mundo?

En algunos países cambiar de sexo implica un simple trámite administrativo, pero otros exigen: evidencias de cirugías, esterilización, tratamientos hormonales, psicológicos o requisitos económicos.

En algunos países cambiar de sexo implica un simple trámite administrativo, pero otros exigen: evidencias de cirugías, esterilización, tratamientos hormonales, psicológicos o requisitos económicos.

Argentina: 2012. Marcó un antes y después desde una perspectiva despatologizadora sin exigir requisitos médicos

Argentina: 2012. Marcó un antes y después desde una perspectiva despatologizadora sin exigir requisitos médicos

AMÉRICA LATINA

AMÉRICA LATINA

Panamá: fue el primero en 2006

Panamá: fue el primero en 2006

Uruguay: 2009

Uruguay: 2009

Brasil: 2010

Brasil: 2010

En Uruguay, la Ley Integral para Personas Trans consiste en un trámite administrativo. Además, en los documentos no aparece explícitamente el sexo. Algo similar ocurre en Costa Rica.

En Uruguay, la Ley Integral para Personas Trans consiste en un trámite administrativo. Además, en los documentos no aparece explícitamente el sexo. Algo similar ocurre en Costa Rica.

Brasil no tiene una ley específica, pero la cirugía de reasignación sexual es gratuita. En México, las leyes cambian según la región del país, al igual que en Estados Unidos.

Brasil no tiene una ley específica, pero la cirugía de reasignación sexual es gratuita. En México, las leyes cambian según la región del país, al igual que en Estados Unidos.

En Europa, el primero en reconocer el cambio de género sin exigir diagnósticos psiquiátricos ni médicos fue Países Bajos en 2013. Entre los últimos figura Portugal, en 2018.

En Europa, el primero en reconocer el cambio de género sin exigir diagnósticos psiquiátricos ni médicos fue Países Bajos en 2013. Entre los últimos figura Portugal, en 2018.

Otros países que cuentan con leyes no médicas ni patologizantes son:

Otros países que cuentan con leyes no médicas ni patologizantes son:

Bélgica

Bélgica

Malta

Malta

Dinamarca

Dinamarca

Francia

Francia

Grecia

Grecia

Luxemburgo

Luxemburgo

Portugal

Portugal

Noruega (se permite desde los 16 años)

Noruega (se permite desde los 16 años)

Si bien en Europa al menos unos 35 países garantizan la existencia de una ley de cambio de identidad, las legislaciones son poco precisas en Croacia, Eslovaquia, Islandia o Italia.

Si bien en Europa al menos unos 35 países garantizan la existencia de una ley de cambio de identidad, las legislaciones son poco precisas en Croacia, Eslovaquia, Islandia o Italia.