¿Por qué se redujo la población china?

La Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas chinas reportó un descenso en la tasa de natalidad de los últimos 60 años. Los números demuestran una baja importante en el país más poblado del mundo.

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La nación de 1.400 millones de habitantes ha visto caer las tasas de natalidad a mínimos históricos, a medida que su fuerza laboral envejece. Esto, según advierten los analistas, podría obstaculizar el crecimiento económico.

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La población de China continental se situó en alrededor de 1.411.750.000 a fines de 2022, informó la Oficina Nacional de Estadísticas (NBS), una disminución de 850.000 a finales del año anterior.

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El número de nacimientos fue de 9,56 millones mientras que las muertes fueron 10,41 millones. La última vez que la población de China disminuyó fue a principios de 1960, durante la peor hambruna de su historia moderna.

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En 2016, China puso fin a su estricta política de un solo hijo, impuesta en la década de 1980 por temor a la sobrepoblación. Incluso, comenzó a permitir que las parejas tengan tres hijos en 2021.

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“Es probable que la población tienda a la baja más en los próximos años”, dijo Zhiwei Zhang de Pinpoint Asset Management.

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Expertos señalan que el aumento del costo de vida, así como un número creciente de mujeres en la fuerza laboral, que buscan educación superior, están detrás de la desaceleración.

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Otros señalaron las dificultades de criar niños en la China moderna. Por este motivo, las autoridades locales ya han puesto en marcha medidas para animar a las parejas a procrear.

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La población china podría disminuir cada año un 1,1% en promedio, según un estudio de la Academia de Ciencias Sociales de Shanghái. China podría tener solo 587 millones de habitantes en 2100.

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