Botulismo: ¿Qué es y cuáles son los alimentos que lo causan?

Es una intoxicación ocasionada por la bacteria Clostridium botulinum, que en entornos pobres en oxígeno produce toxinas peligrosas.

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“La toxina botulínica es una de las sustancias más mortales que se conocen y requiere atención médica de urgencia”.

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Puede transmitirse por el consumo de alimentos que no se han procesado adecuadamente. También por heridas, inhalación y agua, aunque es muy poco frecuente. No se transmite de persona a persona.

[{"selector":"#anim-bd07ff2d-d1e5-4934-a189-736ce2738124","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-beb0d2b9-484b-4d9d-b63c-28ea6b840dfa","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-115.28663%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-03835b8d-97b9-43b8-bd32-596b32535b52","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Los síntomas incluyen:

[{"selector":"#anim-01e810ad-1fc6-4d2a-87c5-39a3443babc6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-189c1776-7bd4-4d35-be68-e6945b224b19","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6739a802-c4c3-4984-983e-9466ec3db00c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d4d24e14-7985-490d-92fb-9205257f8545","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4d61ea78-5f0b-40f9-b779-776c09a451df","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":5000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8e65f6dc-5d25-48e8-a7be-5e1fd3061c1f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":6000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3993d55f-01c7-4e6e-bca6-51263a38f9ba","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":7000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1b4fd0ac-95d6-4303-819e-0268ae113b26","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":8000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d6ea5386-8ec1-4890-8c5e-5d0c3be925a2","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 386.11078%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":8000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cd446950-5be7-42c9-8b09-e1967c0b9a92","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-dc80990c-2889-497f-8a04-f19d614169fb","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -100.071%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4995d633-40fc-4d1a-9819-cc5f9a39504c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e6023157-6232-4d6d-a19f-7d84007361fe","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-22225c5a-3559-4bbc-9999-726b28e6e629","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6fca237e-0ad9-42eb-980b-a82924a82d6a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":5000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-452a4b2e-df37-40df-ad1f-99f26f937b70","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":6000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d8f43e49-7075-4749-a0ac-a9913533c12c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":7000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Dificultad para tragar o hablar Visión doble o borrosa Caída de los párpados Boca seca Debilidad muscular Debilidad facial y parálisis Fuente: OMS Circled Dot Circled Dot Circled Dot Circled Dot Circled Dot Circled Dot

Puede presentarse en:

[{"selector":"#anim-39960390-a5df-42c4-8561-5ead5b136455","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-616b0e55-5c01-4786-a1c2-eca2b845579f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9d5fd147-daed-48e2-96a8-86be72a6835b","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-61333864-1413-4089-ad79-984816fc64ca","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ad1db62e-e861-4857-abf2-23e1f960039e [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(7.384615483885803%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-976c6df6-3f2c-44db-85ff-43aa7c1783be","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d3e83f20-54d6-4822-a761-9ac7c92f0f9f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-26feb44d-a16c-4512-99bc-b75a7fb4cabe","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2500,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Circled Dot Circled Dot

También son una advertencia:

[{"selector":"#anim-ede1adf9-8d65-42ae-b940-a4fe77ba66bd","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d39733c5-03dc-4313-8505-67c9b67ff023","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7d582d7c-cfa2-462a-9f8d-fadcb058ba8f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a0cfb636-3b76-40eb-af0b-94c1b9bcf0fa","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a15e3dac-17b4-42ed-86a6-eb2f95afa630","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c0153be9-4384-4e40-be10-d4f8c56d8041","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a2538f96-41ee-47f5-9222-88ec002bf3ed","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2500,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Circled Dot Circled Dot

Las conservas caseras son las más peligrosas, ya que no garantizan una esterilización como la industrial.

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El tratamiento consiste en aplicar antitoxina tras el diagnóstico clínico. Algunos casos requieren utilizar un método de respiración asistida.

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[{"selector":"#anim-92c29ba3-c2c3-4895-87c5-9236a1cd42e0 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0%, 0, 0)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-448e0ebe-7844-4060-9374-579c2fcc3d63","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":900,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e46db30e-ca14-4270-b3a1-47b200bb5a71","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 1160.79687%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":900,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cf308da7-deb4-4d2c-a659-029fdbdd93bb","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":700,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c537a644-113e-4603-9f25-efcb89fbf9fd","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 1411.11072%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":700,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Es una intoxicación ocasionada por la bacteria Clostridium botulinum, que en entornos pobres en oxígeno produce toxinas peligrosas.

“La toxina botulínica es una de las sustancias más mortales que se conocen y requiere atención médica de urgencia”.

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) advierte:

Puede transmitirse por el consumo de alimentos que no se han procesado adecuadamente. También por heridas, inhalación y agua, aunque es muy poco frecuente. No se transmite de persona a persona.

Los síntomas incluyen:

Puede presentarse en:

Latas hinchadas o abombadas.

Latas con oxidación en bordes y en puntos de unión.

También son una advertencia:

Las tapas metálicas hinchadas (en el caso de conservas de vidrio).

Los alimentos que huelen mal, presentan pérdidas de color o cambios de textura.

Las conservas caseras son las más peligrosas, ya que no garantizan una esterilización como la industrial.

El tratamiento consiste en aplicar antitoxina tras el diagnóstico clínico. Algunos casos requieren utilizar un método de respiración asistida.