¿Cómo dejar de fumar?

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Expertos de 13 sociedades médicas de la Argentina dieron recomendaciones para dejar el tabaco. Advirtieron sobre 20 productos que prometen “ayudar” a superar la adicción, pero no son útiles.

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“El cigarrillo electrónico implica el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad pulmonar grave y no es efectivo para la cesación tabáquica”, señaló el doctor Videla, jefe del Servicio de Neumonología y Clínica del Sueño.

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Para mayores de 18 años que consumen entre 10 y 20 cigarrillos por día, hay 6 tratamientos farmacológicos eficaces.

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Cuatro de los 6 tratamientos se encuentran dentro del grupo de terapias de reemplazo de nicotina:

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Estudios científicos han demostrado que usar la terapia de reemplazo de nicotina puede casi duplicar las probabilidades de dejar de fumar.

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Otros dos fármacos eficaces en adultos que fuman más de 10 cigarrillos por día son:

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Está demostrado que los tratamientos farmacológicos avalados aumentan la tasa de éxito si se los combina con la consejería práctica por parte de un profesional.

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No están avaladas como intervenciones para dejar de fumar:

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[{"selector":"#anim-e8d8d17e-ed5f-49cc-ac25-12725d368ed6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-da6d2b47-2513-45ea-a125-99170e3f0762","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-67.15425%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Los beneficios de dejar de fumar son:

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Expertos de 13 sociedades médicas de la Argentina dieron recomendaciones para dejar el tabaco. Advirtieron sobre 20 productos que prometen “ayudar” a superar la adicción, pero no son útiles.

“El cigarrillo electrónico implica el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad pulmonar grave y no es efectivo para la cesación tabáquica”, señaló el doctor Videla, jefe del Servicio de Neumonología y Clínica del Sueño.

Para mayores de 18 años que consumen entre 10 y 20 cigarrillos por día, hay 6 tratamientos farmacológicos eficaces.

Cuatro de los 6 tratamientos se encuentran dentro del grupo de terapias de reemplazo de nicotina:

Goma de mascar (chicles)

Grageas (o comprimidos dispersables de nicotina)

Parches

Spray nasales

Estudios científicos han demostrado que usar la terapia de reemplazo de nicotina puede casi duplicar las probabilidades de dejar de fumar.

Otros dos fármacos eficaces en adultos que fuman más de 10 cigarrillos por día son:

El antidepresivo bupropión

La vareniclina

Está demostrado que los tratamientos farmacológicos avalados aumentan la tasa de éxito si se los combina con la consejería práctica por parte de un profesional.

No están avaladas como intervenciones para dejar de fumar:

Consumo de glucosa

Terapias aversivas

Acupuntura

Biofeedback

Hipnosis

Benzodiacepinas y ansiolíticos, como diazepam y buspirona

Los beneficios de dejar de fumar son:

A los 20 minutos, disminuye el ritmo cardíaco y baja la tensión arterial. Al año, el riesgo de tener un infarto baja a la mitad.