¿Cómo prevenir el Alzheimer en cada etapa de la vida?

Existen 14 factores de riesgo que, si se ponen bajo control, podrían reducir en un 45% la probabilidad de desarrollar esta enfermedad neurodegenerativa. ¿Cuáles son los hábitos a seguir?

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Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el número de personas que viven con demencia está aumentando aceleradamente. Actualmente, más de 55 millones de personas transitan esta enfermedad en todo el mundo y cada año hay casi diez millones de casos nuevos.

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La actualización de 2024 de la Comisión Lancet sobre la demencia aporta nuevas evidencias esperanzadoras sobre la prevención, la intervención y el cuidado de esta enfermedad.

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Uno a uno, qué acciones realizar

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Según The Lancet, quienes tienen un mayor nivel educativo pueden reducir su riesgo de padecer demencia en un 5%.

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Controlar la pérdida auditiva, colesterol alto y factores como la depresión, la obesidad y el abuso de alcohol es clave para prevenir la demencia.

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Combatir el aislamiento social, la contaminación del aire y tratar la pérdida de visión son acciones importantes para reducir el riesgo.

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ALIMENTACIÓN

[{"selector":"#anim-1ca79601-61df-4ef8-8ef0-709234125186","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6438ce04-02fc-4973-85ea-28c527631e4a","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-117.37705%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e744016b-e57c-4792-aadd-028f918d2d3a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e950d661-4cdc-40c2-8fe7-a9169c84cbc5","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 86.67359%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a24e8286-d0f1-4cd3-b0a7-c328f0100c1a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1200,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-800374f5-0b2c-43fe-820f-b1d913510f2c","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-113.4715%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0567d7bd-8443-4312-b6ee-c01ef888f01d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-eebe7228-3387-4534-b017-1c8c1240fe40","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5418f32e-2d51-4360-8f45-0fbc20439d9b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-122.09302%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b87017a0-c7d9-4dbc-81e0-98a192e0fdbb","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1b47fdeb-5546-40d8-878f-0092e2abd03a","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a13234e2-9e6e-46a0-bc5f-bed9f843dea3","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":600,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f2a49ec4-bc23-41e4-bddb-e94906621392","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(94.58240%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1ed6b32a-3dac-41a4-9856-5e72f6adce74","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8f46b0af-2bbc-491c-b912-9a25dbde4499","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e86e4a79-81fe-4d69-98fb-6c54406c098b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-117.97755%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8a573372-5f11-43c8-b25a-3758f37f3127","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f07b69e6-c526-46ee-b58d-80801dd22e8f","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] Los expertos recomiendan realizar la dieta DASH, un régimen adecuado para las personas que padecen de hipertensión arterial o prehipertensión , debido a que tiende a disminuirla sin necesidad de medicamentos. Fue desarrollado por el US National Institutes of Health.

Incluye verduras, frutas y granos o cereales integrales, productos lácteos descremados o con bajo contenido graso, pescado, carne de ave, legumbres y frutos secos.

[{"selector":"#anim-39154562-e5fd-4a6c-911f-d2c512b42efb","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-08ef29ac-6744-4c3d-9e09-9bcf1522d65b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(98.39081%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-869bc6f2-4166-4547-a1d5-33927a505626","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2c5b9abd-6813-4aea-8e79-477310db3e30","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-119.28105%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6b3dac76-9ea2-429a-a221-9a3c14ac527e","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1200,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

También está la dieta MIND, que combina la dieta DASH y la mediterránea, y se ha asociado con un menor riesgo de desarrollar Alzheimer y con una desaceleración del deterioro cognitivo.

[{"selector":"#anim-a76673b4-4461-4770-ab03-e721fc43c034","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3493bb18-7904-4c86-b6fd-0d307733c0a8","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-117.26385%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4a46a83c-7ff5-4781-b986-0595b1b99505","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2439bff6-b67d-4178-b919-7053ae889745","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 88.08420%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-46248d18-8845-42d4-a4fb-6230a2061ae9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1200,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-93c4f35d-94b9-4e16-8e36-bd020b9785d0","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(94.58240%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-362637be-4eb3-47e5-afd6-f7c51ee4c27a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6a711ecd-dba3-497f-82a9-eca6c66e0eb3","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

[{"selector":"#anim-c8849054-9755-4852-88de-454797c65aea","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-01f68161-d0ee-4d6a-9f90-619618eb1848","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-115.97444%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e833fe09-e054-458b-a063-afa42b405cf6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1200,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] “Para envejecer lo más saludable posible además de cuidar nuestra alimentación, realizar actividad física y cognitiva, y mantener redes y relaciones sociales, es importante tener un ‘propósito’ o razón de ser en la vida, algo que los japoneses llaman ikigai ”, explicó la doctora María Cecilia Fernández , docente de la Maestría en Neuropsicología Aplicada, módulo sobre Deterioro Cognitivo y Demencias, en la Universidad del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (UHIBA).

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