El impacto ambiental de la Inteligencia Artificial

Los modelos de Inteligencia Artificial, sobre todo los utilizados en aprendizaje profundo (Deep learning), pueden requerir una gran cantidad de potencia de cómputo.

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Esto sólo se garantiza con la puesta en operación de enormes centros de datos con miles de servidores funcionando las 24 horas del día.

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Mantener funcionando este hardware no solo supone un enorme consumo de electricidad, además requiere cantidades de agua para su refrigeración.

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Es por ello que así como la inteligencia artificial irrumpió masivamente en la vida de millones de personas, su impacto ambiental también se está comenzando a notar.

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Un estudio de la Universidad de California reveló que, en total, estos servidores requieren la dramática cifra de 6.436 millones de litros de agua al año para poder operar.

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Incluso el estudio sostiene que entre 5 y 50 preguntas a ChatGPT, dependiendo de su complejidad, pueden consumir hasta medio litro de agua.

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Para entrenar grandes modelos de IA, el proceso puede emitir más de 626 mil toneladas de dióxido de carbono, advirtió un informe de la Universidad de Massachusetts.

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Estos valores equivalen a casi cinco veces las emisiones de un automóvil de toda su vida útil, además de su manufactura.

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Para mitigar el impacto ambiental de la IA, se insta a adoptar prácticas de desarrollo y uso responsable de esta tecnología. También a fomentar la investigación en IA verde y tecnologías más sostenibles.

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