Estrés hídrico ¿Qué es y cómo afecta a Argentina?

Un cuarto de la población mundial sufre estrés hídrico. Esto se produce cuando la demanda de agua es más alta que la cantidad disponible.

[{"selector":"#anim-51dc178b-fe78-4c41-bfec-8fe4728bcadd","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-105b1a79-977b-4478-ae3e-cb4931b8f870","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(115.11253%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-71c0e72f-2c23-4dde-925a-bf4d5c298bd7","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(100.00000%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7983bb2b-1fda-42f0-a2e0-6f40e481cc3e","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e2d01302-b9c2-46db-a8e6-0f667f2ad187","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a5869bc1-3a87-4cf1-b09a-71e551d0fecb","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-162a9035-112d-473d-a95b-f6c83aae314e","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-98%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Esta situación la enfrentan actualmente 25 países, según un nuevo estudio del Instituto Mundial de Recursos (WRI, por sus siglas en inglés). Entre ellos, figura Argentina.

[{"selector":"#anim-07bac4b8-1e28-4d8f-939e-70cb088fc3aa","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1e0400b0-8c1a-4fb0-9004-de48d158d445","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(118.21193%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1be99144-956e-4048-a608-61c8931bdd30","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(100.00000%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e64dbceb-6a31-4755-b13b-a0999153aef2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-46dacd0b-3b4e-471f-b054-c69603b64f0a","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1169084a-0dd9-4e15-998f-f67e8e13087f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1cf93dc7-e0e3-444d-b634-66a6da61592b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(93.55556%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

A nivel global, la demanda de agua se ha duplicado desde 1960.

[{"selector":"#anim-5b09bc45-cbac-49a0-bfb4-c689be516b31","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d946436d-4ae9-4129-8245-1efc1b35a3c2","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(118.21193%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

¿Qué ocurre en la Argentina? La situación es dispar, según la región que se analice. Si bien el país aparece en la mitad de la tabla de los países en riesgo, la Puna y algunos puntos de la Cordillera de los Andes corren mayores riesgos.

[{"selector":"#anim-cd60db52-f340-4621-97a3-0401ae37a449","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3c13c715-b22a-4c41-b571-e085bd194f2e","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(118.21193%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-067d0af2-3538-4635-971e-b2141dc9b442","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(100.00000%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f2fe02d4-ce0a-4f05-9083-33a2f5f285d3","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-08e55774-6c73-4362-a635-2df4f0053e84","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fa9c4055-5708-47c0-be91-8cef84a65746","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-36d30a05-edf1-4e3d-b1a6-617f1573d108","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-98%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

¿Las causas? La retracción de los glaciares, la presión de la agroindustria y de las actividades extractivas, además del potencial crecimiento de población.

[{"selector":"#anim-c94e6364-d12b-4297-92b9-ecab696a52ce","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-369177a7-8a66-41cf-ac98-dbc440d236e8","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(115.70512%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-01434d67-6ed8-421c-b48b-199ad854be51","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(100.00000%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a008115c-e06f-4bbf-99ff-28575751257b","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-264f17b1-6da3-4c13-81cf-bcd797d35144","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b1c21995-c4c2-44e9-b23c-b00f94f8dbab","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9ee7aa59-a2a5-4743-96eb-1e16e6475151","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(93.55556%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Globalmente unos 4.000 millones de personas, la mitad de la población mundial, están expuestas a estrés hídrico durante al menos un mes al año. En 2050, esa cifra podría acercarse al 60%.

[{"selector":"#anim-12bb02f7-e78e-4b34-8cf8-adb2ed35d530","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8aaf4e64-0db8-4bb5-ace3-3373e7ce1272","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(118.21193%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ee7c7db5-984b-4217-92d9-e4ad702a754c","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(100.00000%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7bbb5ede-33a5-4c80-b3e2-067249c85583","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fab00252-1143-444d-a6b9-ac38897a4cf3","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0485c0e3-6151-4157-9954-89fb7f6ca9bc","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5f7d8603-f475-493a-9ca2-6845205af9d7","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-98%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Así lo revelaron los nuevos datos del Atlas de Riesgos Hídricos del programa Aqueduct del WRI -ONG dedicada a la investigación y a crear condiciones de equidad a través de la administración sostenible de los recursos naturales-.

[{"selector":"#anim-9dbf30b9-2e48-4539-8f77-dda6814f1c7f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d173eb17-146e-4ea4-9460-d35154527391","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(119.26910%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-06b1fc57-6c80-4e12-b796-66374f8eb42d","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(100.00000%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-bf2922c9-91e5-46d7-b7aa-f5dc91b7fd8d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8e27b2a9-748a-4498-bb38-25a987dd2ba4","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-dc223836-4545-4773-a586-507e27c3d546","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9c2486a1-5b93-4611-8324-68a0968d29ba","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(93.55556%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

"Es el recurso más importante del planeta y, sin embargo, no lo gestionamos de un modo que lo refleje", advierten los expertos.

[{"selector":"#anim-4305e7fb-a4b8-4149-8690-98cbce11e60e","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b48e8381-bf34-4d6a-b699-d5714a66db92","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(116.88742%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7c58a138-a565-422b-8838-5e8f8fcaef8d","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(100.00000%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ebbc495f-e9e9-43c1-8f40-fcf92127b753","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-076d9783-e733-4240-b046-bac2b7249ac0","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}]

El agua es fundamental para cumplir los objetivos climáticos mundiales, alimentar a una población creciente y satisfacer las necesidades básicas de supervivencia de las personas. Pero el mundo no le está dando prioridad a estos problemas.

[{"selector":"#anim-81faf6b4-f285-450f-af38-2a16f20162c4","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4b90e78e-b4b4-49ff-8349-11b77eb772de","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(118.54304%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-890c5fe6-7968-43a1-835c-3ed653685e95","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(100.00000%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f26e81ac-0cd0-44a5-b2db-062b9e969259","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a973824b-f93c-4eaa-8505-8391da047af9","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.15)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1d692666-0da7-4f7c-9d44-535ddc4c3fc6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a9966901-e441-4a4d-9d46-01d324476864","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-98%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

[{"selector":"#anim-2b3be6b2-e8ab-45cf-94df-01e6768f05c6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1f1d1b82-9b9c-4fa8-8cb6-49d8da17857b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 975.42725%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c5b980fa-2b2d-40c3-8533-5efa6e205f60","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-415b473c-c4b9-4108-beed-5ddbe861e32b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 1179.19589%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e6826561-6408-48ac-b637-3dc96711762d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":700,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8ee1775f-42ac-41a2-9a52-d918c64cc973","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-123.32156%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":700,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]