Gripe aviar en el mundo: ¿qué le preocupa a los expertos?

Los subtipos de gripe aviar A H5N1 y A H5N2 han captado atención global por su capacidad de infectar a humanos y potencial de causar una pandemia.

[{"selector":"#anim-b6dab243-42b2-436a-be39-058511bbc1ea","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-32985759-1b3e-4e48-9185-c474d63276b7","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -99.81913%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9278debf-d96e-4c88-a0ce-64fd1b224086","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-bc41e6fa-3302-438f-a7e6-49abcd972c4a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1600,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3dc3e495-0b11-4d66-97cc-624a06ee3be8","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-91f183dd-bca0-4bfd-a103-b4df19374567","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-94.8052%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-71aead87-7d16-47f1-9900-2996e984f087","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5362473e-c6c7-407f-8ec9-9b48106f180f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(61.90477%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Se reportaron casos en humanos en México (H5N2) y Australia (H5N1), con infecciones que no se atribuyen a la transmisión sostenida entre humanos, según la OMS.

[{"selector":"#anim-cbb4c871-d4ee-445b-a2bc-d71d31926504","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fb0da691-8d6f-4cdb-bb7a-041721785824","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1600,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9a11c2df-adaa-4f7d-b49c-64593d116f90","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f0337754-317c-4182-ba56-514e85d919cf","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-94.58875%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-45c2a3e5-ffad-457e-a5d2-0b4b254e484b","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e92b27dd-89f9-4b93-8fd1-44b199343c3a","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(92.20780%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1b8948f1-3414-4527-bab3-b0ecab623ca5","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5149921d-a0b3-47cd-b07c-fe57dab24632","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(0.3333333333333333)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}]

Existe el riesgo de que el virus se propague entre humanos, aunque la probabilidad de que esto ocurra actualmente es baja. La situación es considerada "preocupante" por científicos.

[{"selector":"#anim-de7555ff-48e8-4444-bea0-92720ff0bd16","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1f211d48-cf4c-41a8-ab45-82390f9babab","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 100.06089%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-826a7379-9b6c-4a27-a381-d97d730bd5d2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4d6a45cf-bcea-454b-90fb-8adcc223241f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1600,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f5f191dc-9212-4360-8a20-420cff5c1bf9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a5fe7427-d58b-4fc0-9c1c-30ea37a1d879","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-94.58875%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f27a18c1-7bc8-43f9-a62f-6dff0087fb03","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9ba011a8-2ea8-4dfd-9f95-90aa8c7ae36d","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(126.19047%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Los virus de la gripe aviar pueden infectar las vías respiratorias humanas, causando síntomas de leves a mortales. La mayoría de los casos humanos han sido por contacto cercano con aves infectadas.

[{"selector":"#anim-0eef924c-2505-473b-8af2-17f92ac609e2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7efbee05-25b3-483f-ac0b-bf7d4504ebba","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4db6fe5a-cc1e-4cbd-a4f8-c5fd8e40f9a5","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -93.53308%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-60fbe6d7-a5a5-4a08-bb75-ca3e9ab35f23","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8cd9a7d6-837b-49dc-a009-4536d00eece9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-51721c92-22ae-49e2-9870-7a1d6b775e7e","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-95.23809%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-131e5959-4d87-45e4-9d51-41a8ed2e1ce3","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9d88b9aa-4a51-4839-bd48-861ebef47fc6","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(92.64070%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Desde el 2020, la variante H5N1 2.3.4.4b se ha propagado a más de 40 especies de mamíferos y regiones geográficas, incluyendo América del Norte, Central y del Sur, así como la Antártida.

[{"selector":"#anim-dba68424-c263-4439-8d6e-9b739752f471","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-acd755b4-5eb1-457a-bd88-0f2c7e3cd764","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 91.34425%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1457b296-053e-47d3-953c-6cb15e4c2fbc","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-88fbbfd4-3a39-4a5b-9c59-e52c57071a60","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4b67cc15-fde3-4385-a364-9012c6455654","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2e809fd3-52d4-4eb7-bcc4-1bec1e60737a","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-94.58875%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8af859f6-ccc4-4d41-abf4-13e06c25d1ac","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fe5812d7-861c-4985-9b8d-383520bfced4","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(61.90477%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

El primer caso humano de H5N2 fue reportado en México, pero el paciente falleció por enfermedades preexistentes. Los expertos advierten que es crucial intensificar la vigilancia y preparación ante posibles cambios en la capacidad de transmisión del virus.

[{"selector":"#anim-fac47f79-cce1-4aa1-9c62-3884ebf59a3d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a39e7d67-3160-497f-8f2a-a08fcd57c645","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -140.00799%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7c23bca7-b8d7-4b83-816f-53ed87eee4fb","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8daf2cf1-e679-48f2-b269-8a55e3e47444","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d019a697-1945-49d7-b2db-d2a4082a2715","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-869e1268-d730-4994-8ecb-61fbc9e67450","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-94.37229%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1aee7b95-141e-41fe-835c-82db1d181f29","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9dbc87c6-c641-4d76-aa55-9e3fbdb7e4bd","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(92.64070%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

No existen vacunas específicas para la gripe A(H5) en humanos, aunque se están desarrollando candidatas para preparación pandémica. Finlandia planea ofrecer vacunas a grupos de riesgo.

[{"selector":"#anim-79c1943e-5038-4a79-9704-ab51e5b32a65","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2871916a-1c23-4874-9f8c-216d48ab45da","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 100.05655%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b55dd808-8810-4f0f-8e6e-161ed406acbc","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8af5f2f5-4fd4-4113-820e-1aa8984a70e5","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-db670af7-9aa4-40a3-a2ca-bea176d24ee8","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f9f3b269-0a33-4ff8-8d5c-efe0b0b75ee0","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-97.4026%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-00c26012-4f84-4528-a4eb-358a9fef7d81","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-43d3bfe5-ff2d-4398-bf9e-d954a1baa9d3","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(35.28139%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

[{"selector":"#anim-244e9f95-a9a2-4da7-9a5f-7d7d6864220f","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b6626f1b-92df-475f-8304-6b4419c1a9a5","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 100.05655%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-82b12327-d12a-49b5-8fec-51c19eec2994","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-54172607-1ea5-4fb9-9e7b-2c9a47b46509","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4ec8c842-1bf7-4dde-83d1-c7bafee08235","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-777eb523-5c65-4ac6-8746-2389504ded11","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-97.4026%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0b1b7c55-a075-4a0d-adf8-65d12119a5a9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-10c39a26-8d60-4785-b009-3dc86509d753","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(35.28139%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] La OMS recomienda evitar el contacto con aves de corral y entornos contaminados, mantener una buena higiene de manos y buscar atención médica rápidamente si se presentan síntomas tras la exposición a aves infectadas.

[{"selector":"#anim-211fb1e4-2e1e-4b8a-8607-c9fcae98a56c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1900,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-517b5eb1-c464-402a-ba57-eeff58d37cdd","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8808f25c-58cc-4c42-baab-8650bf916c66","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b46c5c0d-26f5-48ff-a5cd-0397815aa5aa","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -992.22186%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]