Gripe aviar: ¿Puede transmitirse a humanos?

El virus H5N1 avanza en todo el mundo y genera preocupación por posible contagio a las personas. Expertos aclaran las dudas y piden más vigilancia epidemiológica.

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¿Qué es la gripe aviar?

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¿Desde cuándo está presente?

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¿Cómo se transmite entre aves?

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¿Cómo se transmite a los humanos?

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¿Por qué es bajo el riesgo de transmisión en humanos?

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El salto de aves a mamíferos

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Consumo de aves y sus productos

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¿Es mortal la gripe aviar en humanos?

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¿Cómo se controla el virus hoy?

[{"selector":"#anim-5b909df9-e776-487f-8213-b379eeea3fe7","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e3e528ed-ff52-4881-ad94-c3244e53b613","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 100.34821%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-31a8cf40-8dde-4781-9c5b-73e2d5b3ce5c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6376a164-90f6-42c0-b0ef-df450173bbc7","keyframes":{"transform":["rotate(-180deg) translate3d(0px, -97.19053%, 0) rotate(180deg)","rotate(-180deg) translate3d(0px, 0px, 0) rotate(180deg)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-69b27a94-71db-466b-aae7-b1bc08414345","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-11375b85-7c71-44b7-a5ba-7c0c8ab4daaf","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4bf79af6-fe5d-4206-9668-70cc488a5318","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(125.41666%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-105dfc13-048c-44ab-bdd6-b20f74c46222","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c212c849-7aaf-4c66-97e9-c7e4ef4bcb5a","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-200%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7bbd9c4d-6480-4ef4-960b-3a189c857839","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-57eaaf83-fc1f-474f-a427-a39dea205c51","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e9835fab-dfbf-4937-9fdd-b7675242e501","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c929cfe6-76f4-4a78-a0dc-1add1e8ab5ab","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-065f174e-9b94-4b94-8369-e50f84daf2a9","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-419.99984%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d59df400-223b-42d3-a746-fc6ad77fff23","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b218a498-0feb-4bfd-9664-036bd7164faf","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-419.99984%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":2600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7692b711-b0b1-4687-a270-fd0015e7840c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-043ac894-bfa0-4f57-8b16-8def2bbfe829","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-413.33313%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":3600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

¿Qué otros cuidados previenen la gripe aviar?

[{"selector":"#anim-493964f4-135b-40e3-82c1-e22eb978b338","keyframes":{"opacity":[1,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2ca5c2ea-8ee7-4e61-a958-b69ac4fc0a32","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(3)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-cd244b06-3021-478e-9897-555af89b3037","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1cd88874-7d5b-4c22-bdaa-73d48314b203","keyframes":{"opacity":[1,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0dc50647-b6d1-415e-ad74-d980becb2005","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(3)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7d025e01-9469-4542-8bd5-4ab5efc9f9e5","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e3680b08-73ca-4626-adc5-8e8a4f31c1d5","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(125.41666%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3285e6e9-f758-46e3-9146-5c64ea9d41f9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-90cadbeb-b235-4aee-9649-6cf6571e12fc","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-200%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-96a84465-c19b-476c-9ecf-6a694a26c5fe","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c86f4c8d-9cf2-487b-a8c9-5ecf966ff870","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9f6bc5f1-15b9-438b-a9eb-3dee2295f48b","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":4000,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e25f83f4-2986-4f1a-a0cb-2038a2325be2","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-942a7da0-dfcf-454b-b6c5-2393246ab1a3","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-419.99984%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2eecf724-6d90-432f-8000-fe6b836c076d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b3db35ea-aaba-4e3e-8586-3408dabb10c9","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-406.66643%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":2600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-942290c3-323b-4bb8-b047-547683e6850b","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":3600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6d21d2bc-631b-470c-9958-895f3916f1a2","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-399.99973%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":3600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

[{"selector":"#anim-02ddae0b-e5ca-4cd8-ba21-ee6f23f419e8","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1900,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ff162827-dcc4-4040-9a5f-b600e18fdb6c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1600,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ee758d96-7c92-4f19-8d4b-2f4525e60aa7","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d4aef846-ba7d-4232-8428-a47288e14de9","keyframes":{"transform":["rotate(-180deg) translate3d(0px, 72.71704%, 0) rotate(180deg)","rotate(-180deg) translate3d(0px, 0px, 0) rotate(180deg)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

El virus H5N1 avanza en todo el mundo y genera preocupación por posible contagio a las personas. Expertos aclaran las dudas y piden más vigilancia epidemiológica.

¿Qué es la gripe aviar?

Es una enfermedad infecciosa que afecta principalmente a las aves y puede propagarse rápidamente entre ellas, produciendo altas tasas de mortalidad.

¿Desde cuándo está presente?

En 2003 este virus y otros se han propagado desde Asia a Europa y África. En América, se identificó por primera vez en aves domésticas y silvestres en diciembre de 2014, en los EEUU.

¿Cómo se transmite entre aves?

Se elimina en las heces y las secreciones respiratorias, y puede transmitirse a través del contacto directo con las secreciones de las aves infectadas o indirecto, a través del agua contaminada.

¿Cómo se transmite a los humanos?

Hasta el momento la transmisión desde los animales a los seres humanos ha sido muy poco frecuente y de bajo riesgo. En América, desde el año pasado solo se han reportado 2 casos.

¿Por qué es bajo el riesgo de transmisión en humanos?

Según la OMS, el contagio se puede dar en contacto directo con secreciones o excretas de aves infectadas. Pero no se ha identificado transmisión sostenida de persona a persona.

El salto de aves a mamíferos

Recientemente se han notificado infecciones esporádicas por virus de la gripe aviar H5N1 en osos, zorros salvajes y mofetas, en Canadá, Estados Unidos. También en visones en España y lobos marinos en Perú.

Consumo de aves y sus productos

El virus H5N1 no ingresa al organismo a través del consumo de aves ni huevos de gallina, solo una manipulación de las aves sin cuidado ni protección puede llegar a infectar a humanos.

¿Es mortal la gripe aviar en humanos?

Aunque todavía el riesgo de transmisión a personas es bajo, Camboya notificó la muerte de una niña de 11 años por gripe aviar. Se trata de la primera muerte humana por esta enfermedad desde 2014 en ese país.

¿Cómo se controla el virus hoy?

Medidas de bioseguridad e higiene en corrales junto a vigilancia epidemiológica.

Eliminación controlada de aves de corral infectadas.

Vacunación en determinadas condiciones.

¿Qué otros cuidados previenen la gripe aviar?

El lavado frecuente de manos con agua y jabón.

Usar desinfectantes a base de alcohol.

Evitar el contacto directo con aves y observarlas desde lejos.