Las acumulaciones de basura en los océanos son una grave amenaza para los ecosistemas marinos y toda la vida en el planeta. Las "islas de basura" se forman por desechos mal gestionados y corrientes marinas.

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Según la ONU, se generan 2000 millones de toneladas de desechos sólidos urbanos cada año y el 45% no se gestiona adecuadamente.

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[{"selector":"#anim-613fc2a4-b42b-457e-8ec8-4f57ed330ab8","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-11d4870e-df21-4a13-8fbf-05dee55d1ded","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(89.13649%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-afa98a8c-a69e-4a8a-9255-b868465864a7","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4b734f25-9300-45fa-b17f-61006c39d470","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 133.28725%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a9134f4b-5a9e-45c9-9daa-d5ccbbc9be56","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d99f4110-337a-4ba8-9272-4ff1526a29b4","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-90.44118%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] Expertos de la Administración Nacional Oceánica y Atmosférica (NOAA, por sus siglas en inglés) de Estados Unidos explican que estas manchas “están muy lejos en medio del océano , donde la gente casi nunca va y debido a que son tan remotos, puede resultar difícil estudiarlos”.

Las islas de basura afectan el medioambiente. Las especies marinas consumen basura, se intoxican y mueren. Los microplásticos permanecen en animales marinos y pueden ser ingeridos por humanos al comer pescado.

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Los microplásticos son difíciles de observar y erradicar, extendiéndose hasta el suelo marino. Se generan por la erosión de envases y hacen que limpiar las islas de basura sea complicado.

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1.

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2.

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Está entre Australia y Chile, abarca 2,6 millones de km². Principalmente está compuesta por redes de pesca erosionadas en microplásticos, su existencia se confirmó en 2017 tras estudios iniciados en 2011.

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Es la más pequeña, con 0,7 millones de km². Compuesta mayormente por residuos asiáticos arrastrados por corrientes del Índico, tiene pocos estudios por su lejana ubicación.

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Todavía hacen falta más estudios sobre la acumulación de desechos en esta zona. Los análisis con respecto al destino de esos residuos en los cuerpos de agua son escasos y recientes.

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