La desinformación es la falta de información sobre algún tema, o la difusión de información engañosa de forma intencionada para causar confusión, polarización y conflicto en un grupo determinado de personas.

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La difusión de noticias falsas existió siempre y lo único que cambió es la forma en que son publicadas.

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Actualmente, el uso de las redes sociales y otros medios en la web, o de mensajería instantánea, hacen que lleguen a un público mucho mayor y en tiempo real.

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Uno de los casos de campaña de desinformación fue el de las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2016, en las que Donald Trump le ganó a Hilary Clinton.

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También se difundieron noticias falsas de las vacunas en el inicio de la pandemia. La difusión de fake news se repite cada día en el mundo digital con infinidad de temas y cuestiones.

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Las informaciones falsas pueden tener numerosos objetivos:

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¿Cómo detectar información falsa?

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Chequear las fuentes de la información, quién es el autor del artículo y qué sitio lo publicó. Esto se puede hacer a través del Buscador, por el nombre del sitio o viendo lo que otros dijeron sobre esa fuente.

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Las imágenes pueden ser sacadas de contexto o utilizadas para confundir. Se puede realizar una búsqueda de fotos para verificar si fue publicada en la web previamente, en qué sitios y en qué contexto.

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Usar los verificadores de hechos o fact checkers. Son herramientas que toman historias, citas o noticias y confirman si es verdadera o falsa.

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Verificar la locación de la información. Si la historia tiene imágenes del evento o una descripción visual, es bueno buscar el lugar en Google Earth o en Street View de Google Maps.

[{"selector":"#anim-b4f07013-7ec2-4997-8f51-023b31b2044b [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, -0.000021844660324177312%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-f70898a6-ea9f-4459-9ca3-9452e8f7adcf","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-c81762cb-5169-43ba-bb4b-e95a3bf18627","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-114.92064%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-073d4c7c-058e-4bf5-8a91-c613a60ed44c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e1f81998-7c34-4567-b6c4-d6a3ca34f299","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -240.31744%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-5e60914d-4d16-44b3-9bd4-88e4156d5ab6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-fe460978-3e37-456f-b0a7-5d37cd73672f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 153.87487%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Chequear la fecha de la publicación, a veces la noticia puede tener varios años y mirar bien la URL (dirección del sitio web) porque se pueden hacer pasar por sitios verdaderos poniéndole un nombre parecido.

[{"selector":"#anim-4580572f-b5ce-42bd-9932-94ca0a4a488c [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, -0.000021844660324177312%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-82e2327f-4723-4a8a-baee-df149a8754f5","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a9f0a0a5-09ca-4482-8c6d-c69b1779b4f1","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-114.92064%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b71e7e40-ac6b-4809-9ef6-1ca0c4a4b739","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e41e3ef4-a1ad-4965-86d3-14db1e0242d7","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -240.31744%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-091218e4-8729-44ef-b62d-eeec210e6614","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-addab9cc-1d5c-4a9c-aa5f-b4749699e5f4","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 97.55314%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Detectar brechas de información. Realizar una búsqueda en Google para ver si la noticia está en otros medios de comunicación.

[{"selector":"#anim-f15f07d6-c6ef-4054-b176-7107ec5eb822 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, -0.000021844660324177312%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e35739b1-623b-4844-b32f-22668bc10c22","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-64d403ea-d103-4362-9a26-2cf1902a8359","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-114.92064%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7c9650f9-ff8e-4c68-a521-fa70913dcd84","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-29940f52-73ed-45d4-ba54-2ef811792a2c","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -240.31744%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-47d244c2-b736-4322-90da-837e3c7d725a","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d482a498-620e-4f87-b251-cb8ecdb41990","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 98.10678%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Tomarse un momento para pensar cuando se recibe una noticia que resulta interesante antes de compartirla. Si causa una reacción emocional grande o confirma una convicción propia, hay que desconfiar e investigar.

[{"selector":"#anim-4fe4b07e-edd2-4e58-b0de-48937c48c6b8 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, -0.000021844660324177312%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-68d64dbe-2b19-426b-8b37-8a7bc80916f9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-a169b6b9-5a17-45ce-91d3-1f9b53884faf","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-114.92064%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8b180f25-d537-4a31-b447-86e81132eef7","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4f3daf1b-8c3a-4f94-9c54-89f620ef4c5c","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -240.31744%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-869b0291-d850-4bfd-af36-e1cf97f0bda4","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-df503f16-a786-4f0a-b20b-d33241511e35","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 97.67884%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Si la información pide que uno “crea” o afirma que está “mostrando” por qué se debe desconfiar de algo, hay que dudar de su veracidad. Chequear que la noticias incluya fuentes, documentos oficiales y enlaces.

[{"selector":"#anim-e6a499b0-c298-4d7e-8008-fb159f2466d0 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, -0.000021844660324177312%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7d6aecf3-a0ca-46cd-a01f-da7f705a27f1","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-3595cead-07e0-4bb7-9990-8b78ede16434","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -133.63774%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-2b88c171-bb7b-4de7-bdca-8c6afb5a6efe","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d9dec1dd-b9e9-4c95-8254-feb4924abe4f","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 122.35243%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Cómo actuar para evitar la viralización de noticias falsas:

[{"selector":"#anim-babac9b6-32c4-43ae-b3cf-997b3032f0d6 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, -0.000021844660324177312%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8a1a43cd-56fe-41b7-ac99-c8b86e3eda79","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-06d802d9-61e5-4173-9373-2635d4bc288b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-115.39682%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b845ffca-2e4e-482b-bbcf-15601517d863","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-327279c8-c571-410f-a86e-5877a0db33e1","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(103.49206%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9a322458-fb1c-4868-bc0e-d2baac68098d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-eb70b771-a2f4-4200-93bb-52110f2bd917","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(131.57895%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0c55bfa2-2ccd-4485-ada3-956a8606a074","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e96a50b2-7d0c-4623-beee-03f368f86d49","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(109.79730%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-13ecb4ae-0730-4662-b491-f8d6927a4b04","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-7994b44f-611a-4b5c-82ea-3dfea3445648","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-335.00001%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6e6dbda2-93dc-4ae3-9f69-9fa744a5e33d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4624b050-673c-4dd3-95ae-cf719f8ee408","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-340.00004%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":800,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e28c13dc-6641-4c03-8305-49c2876776f7","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9a5c8633-3fec-4c4b-983c-9f7e7f7ec6e2","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-340.00004%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1300,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d3e4541c-aa8c-477a-9ff0-efb23139f123","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0026696f-97b5-4080-8288-9f4db0b29c08","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -190.56314%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1200,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

[{"selector":"#anim-88fe9247-d67b-48e9-8b9f-90499646080b","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6f371ed4-a3ec-4370-8660-083ed2193a36","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-128.40909%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4d35a4a0-41e4-43b2-bb9c-79d536d91bc9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":700,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-be02ed64-dfee-41ee-b640-6ecd06110826","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-126.56827%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":700,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-920eecf5-f9d7-4d85-9809-40a9dafbf4f1","keyframes":{"opacity":[1,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-970e857e-c4d0-4f03-b7a5-605b1c47c3ea","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(3)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e84ee4c4-19a8-490b-9e63-95b4f96c55d3","keyframes":{"opacity":[1,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1f1bc178-8cbb-49ed-b26f-5047a9de9695","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(3)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9590b7e4-6fa4-4b63-84d7-f7204a3e5a49","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":700,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-ccb711ee-f85a-46aa-9c34-428e6974b43a","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-118.66666%, 0px, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":700,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-00d7b026-1302-45c8-b456-75f6d0c05ee3 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}]

La desinformación es la falta de información sobre algún tema, o la difusión de información engañosa de forma intencionada para causar confusión, polarización y conflicto en un grupo determinado de personas.

La difusión de noticias falsas existió siempre y lo único que cambió es la forma en que son publicadas.

Actualmente, el uso de las redes sociales y otros medios en la web, o de mensajería instantánea, hacen que lleguen a un público mucho mayor y en tiempo real.

Uno de los casos de campaña de desinformación fue el de las elecciones presidenciales de Estados Unidos de 2016, en las que Donald Trump le ganó a Hilary Clinton.

También se difundieron noticias falsas de las vacunas en el inicio de la pandemia. La difusión de fake news se repite cada día en el mundo digital con infinidad de temas y cuestiones.

Las informaciones falsas pueden tener numerosos objetivos:

Menoscabar los procesos democráticos

Generar visitas en sitios web

Desprestigiar a personas, instituciones, tratamientos de salud, etc.

Manipular a la opinión pública