¿Qué es una adicción?

El alcohol, el cigarrillo, la cocaína y otras drogas duras generan dependencia y provocan trastornos de conducta severos. ¿Cómo funcionan las adicciones y cómo detectarlas?

[{"selector":"#anim-bf749624-c9cf-4315-a2f5-08a7b5fab702 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-430f5109-0cfc-4af1-910a-fb956897987d","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1d0609b2-b7ba-4531-b28d-c58186c6495b","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -80.13361%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

El cerebro tiene innumerables células que se llaman neuronas y se unen una con la otra a través de la sinapsis. En la parte interna, hay un núcleo que se denomina tegmental ventral.

[{"selector":"#anim-0bf02fe8-68a7-470b-a6c2-759218760df1","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-aa540ca7-9b4e-4cfa-9f5e-ab8c5f733992","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 152.15792%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-b28b936d-3170-4936-b47c-76ca2cc2ecf8","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-52730604-503c-4cbc-b6dc-481f0bd585c7","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 86.46273%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

En este núcleo se fabrica un neurotransmisor que se llama dopamina, que es lo que produce la sensación de placer. Cuando ese mecanismo se sobreestimula, puede generar una adicción.

[{"selector":"#anim-83a96588-68bb-4f02-aeb1-5b5f1b34ff2d [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8c69e15b-d17b-4b99-a2e0-54bc18492982","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-68d2c0b1-2ddb-4492-94a4-7038323b5569","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 137.98337%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

Por otro lado, hay sustancias que son muy potentes y se especializan en generar dependencia. Son las sustancias llamadas psicoactivas, por ejemplo, el alcohol y el cigarrillo.

[{"selector":"#anim-832cfcbd-bb13-4e04-8ed7-add8c9835804 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(0%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e03c86c9-738c-401c-84d0-03bd41ac6af1","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-acb2b505-97f8-4141-901b-7d024c05a9ad","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -116.83007%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":1500,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-bb4b329a-2cda-4dea-a595-742224edbb40","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-4395ec98-b8ed-4c4e-8490-6ca71f3c1cdc","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, 137.98337%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

¿Qué caracteriza a una adicción? La conducta adictiva tiene tres aspectos fundamentales: la tolerancia, la dependencia y la abstinencia.

[{"selector":"#anim-6de49754-b0ca-485a-862c-6d3a55993659 [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-2.148985310322686%, 0, 0) translate(-22.522522522522525%, 15.996109386091362%) scale(1.4504504504504505)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.14,.34,.47,.9)","fill":"forwards"}]

Palpitaciones

[{"selector":"#anim-a699f87f-ce65-42cd-90f5-1bd23ae340f9","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-0bbc1747-4ee8-4c26-91c6-3b33eb39ec5e","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1300,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-92db9066-f3a8-49cf-a1b8-755c81efdde8","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9f6b5ebe-a132-4ada-8bfa-ff5e3524ee4c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1900,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-21c061f2-72a6-482c-8f84-8a2442a13eed","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2200,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-652c2c6e-8423-44b1-a2b5-a0181b63c187","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2500,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-6de2a0b9-c571-4d46-ba9f-1b3c4162c8f8","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":2800,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d819c8a9-638c-4a5c-be54-6191fced4dff [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate(-7.105427357601002e-15%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}] [{"selector":"#anim-1cf104c7-33e8-4a80-bc86-53cc3b791065","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":600,"duration":600,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}]

En conclusión, con todos los trastornos de conducta que genera una adicción, la mejor recomendación, es buscar el objeto del placer en algo que se pueda controlar.

[{"selector":"#anim-63c7d983-3b75-4b8f-a058-e9a243fd497a [data-leaf-element=\"true\"]","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(-23.74553871439509%, 0, 0) translate(-25%, 0%) scale(1.5)","translate3d(0%, 0, 0) translate(0%, 0%) scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.14,.34,.47,.9)","fill":"forwards"}]

[{"selector":"#anim-6cd56611-8496-4a25-af70-5b4c3b7d1c8c","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":6000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-8e38841c-aebf-4ec6-8763-214c4442ea76","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-48245c95-3dca-4dec-a29f-eb2917300aad","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -391.15241%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":1000,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9401d582-efaa-4632-aaa5-762ee6fb87d6","keyframes":{"opacity":[0,1]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-9564598d-3136-4c23-82e2-4d00ffa3cb26","keyframes":{"transform":["translate3d(0px, -215.66955%, 0)","translate3d(0px, 0px, 0)"]},"delay":500,"duration":1000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.6, 0.0, 1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-e31b5766-1a43-4d7a-9905-e3c941fbe2fd","keyframes":{"opacity":[1,1]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"both"}] [{"selector":"#anim-d4fd452f-3fea-4a41-96a8-70491e6df98f","keyframes":{"transform":["scale(3)","scale(1)"]},"delay":0,"duration":2000,"easing":"cubic-bezier(.3,0,.55,1)","fill":"forwards"}]

El alcohol, el cigarrillo, la cocaína y otras drogas duras generan dependencia y provocan trastornos de conducta severos. ¿Cómo funcionan las adicciones y cómo detectarlas?

El cerebro tiene innumerables células que se llaman neuronas y se unen una con la otra a través de la sinapsis. En la parte interna, hay un núcleo que se denomina tegmental ventral.

En este núcleo se fabrica un neurotransmisor que se llama dopamina, que es lo que produce la sensación de placer. Cuando ese mecanismo se sobreestimula, puede generar una adicción.

Por otro lado, hay sustancias que son muy potentes y se especializan en generar dependencia. Son las sustancias llamadas psicoactivas, por ejemplo, el alcohol y el cigarrillo.

¿Qué caracteriza a una adicción? La conducta adictiva tiene tres aspectos fundamentales: la tolerancia, la dependencia y la abstinencia.

Palpitaciones

Alteraciones musculares

Alteraciones del sueño

Cambios de carácter

Ansiedad

Depresión

Disminución de la memoria

La abstinencia puede producir:

En conclusión, con todos los trastornos de conducta que genera una adicción, la mejor recomendación, es buscar el objeto del placer en algo que se pueda controlar.